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Absolute altitude - is the height of the aircraft above the terrain over which it is flying
Accelerate stop distance available - ASDA - The length of take-off run available, plus the length of the stop-way, if provided.
Adequate visual reference - Runway marking or runway lighting that provides the pilot with adequate visual reference to continuously identify the take-of surface and maintain directional control throughout the take-of run.
Advisory airspace - an airspace of defined dimensions, or designated route, within which air traffic advisory service is available.
Advisory route - ADR - A route within a flight information region along which air traffic advisory service, but not air traffic control is available.
Advisory service - Advice and information provided by a facility to assist pilots in the safe conduct of flight and aircraft movement
An Aerodrome or Airfield or Airport - is a term for any location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve cargo or passengers or neither.
Aerodrome/airport - An area of land or water that is used or intended to be used for the landing and take-of aircraft and includes its buildings and facilities, if any.
Aerodrome flight information service - A directed traffic information and operational information service provided within an aerodrome flight information area, to all radio equipped aircraft, to assist in the safe and efficient conduct of flight.
Aerodrome operating minima - AOM - criteria used by pilots to determine whether they may land or take off from any runway.
AOM consist of two parts: one relating to the cloud base and one relating to the visibility and/or Runway Visual Range (RVR).
The limits of usability of an aerodrome for:
a) take-off, expressed in terms of RVR and/or visibility and, if necessary, cloud conditions;
b) landing in Precision Approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility and/or RVR and Decision Altitude/Height (DA/H) as
appropriate to the category of the operation;
c) landing in approach and landing operations with vertical guidance, expressed in terms of visibility and/or RVR and DA/H; and
d) landing in Non-Precision Approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility and/or RVR, Minimum Descent Altitude/Height (MDA/H)
and, if necessary, cloud conditions.
Aerodrome traffic frequency - ATF - A frequency designated at an uncontrolled airport. An AFT is used to ensure all radio equipped aircraft operating within the area, normally within 5 NM radius of the airport, are listening on a common frequency.
Aerodrome traffic zone - An airspace of detailed dimension, established around an aerodrome, for the protection of aerodrome traffic
Aeronautical station - A land station in the aeronautical mobile service. In certain instances, an aeronautical station may be located
for example: on board ship or on a platform at sea
Aeronautical information publication - AIP - A publication issued by or with the authority of a nation and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation.
Aeronautical broadcasting service – ABS - broadcasting service intended for the transmission of information relating to air navigation
Aeronautical mobile service – AMS - a radio communication service between aircraft stations and aeronautical stations, or between
רישיון ר/ט הוא לעבודה ברשת זו - aircraft stations
Aeronautical radiotelephony network – a number of radiotelephony aeronautical stations which operate on frequencies from the same
family and which support one another in a defined manner to ensure maximum dependability of air-ground communication and dissemination
לדוגמא: רשת תחנות פזורה על פני האוקיינוס האטלנטי ועובדת על תדר משותף - of air-ground traffic
Airspace Class
The world's navigable airspace is divided into three-dimensional segments, each of which is assigned to a specific class. Most nations adhere to the classification specified by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and described below, though they might use only some of the classes defined below, and significantly alter the exact rules and requirements. Similarly, individual nations may also designate special use airspace (SUA) with further rules for reasons of national security or safety
Air traffic control clearance - Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit.
Aircraft approach category - ICAO table to indicate the specified range of handling speed for each category of aircraft to perform
the manoeuvres specified.
Aircraft approach category - A grouping of aircraft based on a speed of 1.3 times the stall speed in the landing configuration at maximum gross landing weight. An aircraft must fit in only one category. If it is necessary to maneuver at speeds in excess of the upper limit of a speed range for a category, the minimums for the category for that speed must be used. For example, an aircraft which falls in Category A, but is circling to land at a speed in excess of 91 knots, must use the approach Category B minimums when circling to land. The categories are as follows:
a. Category A- Speed less than 91 knots.
b. Category B- Speed 91 knots or more but less than 121 knots.
c. Category C- Speed 121 knots or more but less than 141 knots.
d. Category D- Speed 141 knots or more but less than 166 knots.
e. Category E- Speed 166 knots or more.
Aircraft classification number - ACN - A number expressing the relative effect for an aircraft on a pavement for a specified standard sub category.
Aircraft station - a mobile station in the aeronautical service on board an aircraft
Air-ground communication – two-way communication between aircraft stations or location on the surface of the earth - קשר דו כווני קרקע-אוויר
Air to ground communication – one way communication from aircraft stations to stations on the surface of the earth - קשר חד כיווני, אוויר-קרקע
AIREP - Aircraft Report
An aircraft report (AIREP), colloquially air report, is a message from an in-flight aircraft to a ground station. These reports describe weather conditions in the upper of the atmosphere. AIREPs are prepared in conformity with requirements for position and operational and/or meteorological reporting and are also the name for codilayers
Airport elevation - The highest point of an airport's usable runway's measured in feet from mean sea level. In a few countries, the elevation
is determined at the airport reference point.
Airport reference point - ARP - A point on the airport designated as the official airport location.
Air traffic controle management - ATFM - is a function of air traffic management (ATM) established with the objective of contributing to a safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of traffic while minimizing delays. This is accomplished through the dynamic use of operational traffic management initiatives supported by continuous coordination and analysis.
Air traffic control - ATC - A service operated by appropriate authority to prpmote the safe, orderly and expeditions flow of air traffic.
Air traffic clearance - An authorization by air traffic control, for the purpose of preventing collision between knon aircraft, for an aircraft to proceed under specified traffic conditions within controlled airspace.
Air traffic service - A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service
(area control service, approach control service or aerodrome control service).
ATS route - A specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic services.
Air rout - Navigable airspace between two points, which are identifiable.
Airway - A control area or portion thereof, established in the form of a corridor, equipped with radio navigation aids.
Altitude/Elevation - The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level
Height - The vertical distance of a level, a point or an objec considered as a point, measured from a specified datum
Flight level - A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure datum, 1013.2 hectopascals (hPa
and is separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure interval
Alternate aerodrome - An alternate aerodrome is an aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when it becomes either impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or to land at the aerodrome of intended landing.
An alternate aerodrome must comply with the following conditions throughout the period for which it is nominated as an alternate aerodrome:
The aerodrome must be open
The airfield condition (available runway length, strength, etc.) must be suitable for the safe operation of the aircraft type
The status of electronic equipment must be suitable to permit safe operation in the expected weather conditions
The weather conditions must be sufficient to permit safe operation of the aircraft
Alternate aerodromes include the following
Take-off alternate - An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft can land should this become necessary shortly after take-off and it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure
A take-off alternate aerodrome shall be selected and specified in the operational flight plan if the weather conditions at the aerodrome of
departure are at or below the applicable aerodrome operating minima or it would not be possible to return to the aerodrome of departure for other reasons
The take-off alternate must be within a specified distance of the departure aerodrome
For an aerodrome to be selected as a take-off alternate the available information shall indicate that, at the estimated time of use, the conditions will be at or above the aerodrome operating minima for that operation
En-route alternate. An aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land after experiencing an abnormal or emergency condition while en route
ETOPS en-route alternate - A suitable and appropriate alternate aerodrome at which an aeroplane would be able to land after experiencing an engine shutdown or other abnormal or emergency condition while en route in an ETOPS operation
En-route alternate aerodromes, required for extended range operations by aeroplanes with two turbine power-units, shall be selected and specified in the operational and air traffic services (ATS) flight plans
Destination alternate - An alternate aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed should it become either impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of intended landing
For a flight to be conducted in accordance with the instrument flight rules, at least one destination alternate aerodrome shall be selected and specified in the operational and ATS flight plans, unless
a) the duration of the flight and the meteorological conditions prevailing are such that there is reasonable certainty that, at the estimated time of arrival at the aerodrome of intended landing, and for a reasonable period before and after such time, the approach and landing may be made under visual meteorological conditions; or
b) the aerodrome of intended landing is isolated and there is no suitable destination alternate aerodrome
Note: The aerodrome from which a flight departs may also be an en-route or a destination alternate aerodrome for that fligh
Altimeter setting - The barometric pressure reading used to adjust a pressure altimeter for variations in existing atmospheric pressure or to the standard altimeter setting - 1013.2 Hp
approach control facility - A terminal air traffic facility providing approach control service in a terminal area.
Approach frequency -
apron/ramp - A defined area, on a land airport or heliport, intended to accommodate aircraft for purpose of loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling. parking or maintenance.
Arc - The curved track over the ground of an aircraft flying at a constant distance from a navigational aid by reference to distance measuring equipment (DME).
Area control -
Area control center - An air traffic control facility primarily responsible for ATC services being provided IFR aircraft during the en route phase of flight.
Area control service - Air traffic control service for controlled flights in control areas.
Area minimum altitude - AMA - The AMA is designed to provide reference point clearance within AMA envelope shown on area charts. it represents the upper limit of all reference points adjusted upward for vertical clearance. AMA velues clear all reference points by 1000 feet in areas where the highest reference points are 5000 feet MSL or lower. AMA values clear all reference points by 2000 feet in areas where the highest reference points are 5001 feet MSL or higher.
Area navigation - RNAV - A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground- or space-based navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these.
Arrival routs - Routs on an instrument approach by which aircraft may proceed from the en-route of flight to the initial approach fix
Automatic terminal information service - ATIS - The provision of current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft by means
of continuous and repetitive broadcasts throughout the day or a specified portion of the day.
Automatic volume control – AVC - a self-acting device that maintains the constant within relatively narrow limits while the input voltage varies over wide range
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