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מונחי משקל
Aircraft Empty Weight (AEW)
weight of the aircraft "as built" and includes the weight of the structure, power plant, furnishings, installations, systems and other equipment that are considered
an integral part of an aircraft before additional operator items are added for operation. excludes any baggage, passengers, or usable fuel
Unusable Fuel and Oil (UFO)
Fuel and OIL that can not be removed
Basic aircraft empty weight (BEW)
AEW + UFO
Operating empty weight (OEW)
The basic weight of an aircraft including the crew, all fluids necessary for operation such as engine oil, engine coolant, water, unusable fuel and all operator items and equipment required for flight but excluding usable fuel and the payload. Also included are certain standard items, personnel, equipment, and supplies necessary for full operations
Payload
Cargo and passengers
Total Fuel
The total fuel consists of the trip fuel, taxi fuel and the reserve fuel.
Trip Fuel
Fuel burn requirement for the flight.
Taxi Fuel
The fuel must be used for start and taxi to the holding point.
Dry Operating Weight (DOW)
Operational empty weight. Basic weight plus operational items such as crew and pantry (equipment, food, beverages
Maximum Ramp Weight (MRE)
Maximum weight at which the aircraft is allowed to taxi
Maximum taxi weight (MTW) -
The maximum taxi weight (MTW) also known as the maximum ramp weight (MRW)
is the maximum weight authorized for maneuvering (taxiing or towing) an aircraft on the ground as limited by aircraft strength and airworthiness requirements. It includes the weight of taxi and run-up fuel for the engines and the APU.
Maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) -
The maximum takeoff weight (also known as the maximum brake-release weight) is the maximum weight authorised at brake release for takeoff, or at the start of the takeoff roll.
The maximum takeoff weight is always less than the maximum taxi/ramp weight to allow for fuel burned during taxi by the engines and the APU
Maximum landing weight (MLW) -
The maximum weight authorised for normal landing of an aircraft.
The MLW must not exceed the MTOW.
Maximum zero-fuel weight (MZFW) -
The maximum permissible weight of the aircraft less all usable fuel and other specified usable agents (engine injection fluid, and other consumable propulsion agents). It is the maximum weight permitted before usable fuel and other specified usable fluids are loaded in specified sections of the airplane.
Useful load (or Disposable load):
The difference between gross take-off weight and basic weight empty. It is, in other words, all the load which is removable, which is not permanently part of the airplane. It includes the usable fuel, the pilot, crew, passengers, baggage, freight, etc.
חישובי משקל - דוגמה
לצורך ההצגה, אין מגבלות מסלול
נתוני המטוס בק"ג
MTOW - max take-off weight - 377800
MLW - max landing weight - 285800
MRP - max ramp weight - 378700
MZFW - max zero fuel weight - 261000
OEW - operating empty weight - 173500
Total distance - 3500 NM
ביצועי המטוס
TAS - 490 K
Average fuel flow - 11200 Kg/Hr
Reserve fuel - 25000
Head wind - 40 K
GS - 450 K
Flight time - 7:47 Hr
Trip fuel - 87111
חישובי משקל
MZFW-OEW= PAYLOAD
261000- 173000=87500
MTOW-OEW-Trip fuel=PAYLOAD
377000-173000-87111=117189
MLW-OEW-Reserve fuel= PAYLOAD
285000-173500-25000=87300
התקבלו 3 אפשרויות משקל מטען ומתוכן צריך לבחור את הנמוכה ביותר - 87300
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